Mahatma Jotirao Govindrao Phule
> Born - 11 April 1827
> Mulgaon - Katgun Ta. Khatav Dist. Satara.
> True last name - blonde but flowers from the flower business.
> 1840 - Marriage to Savitribai (daughter of Khandoji Nevshe (Jhagde) Patil of Dhankawadi)
> 1841-47 - Education - Scottish Mission High School,
> January 1, 1848 - The first school for girls was set up at Bhidewada in Budhwar Peth
> 1849 - Untouchables leave home with wife due to disagreement with father over education.
> 3 July 1851 Second school for girls with the help of villagers and Valvekars in Budhwar Peth.
> 17 September 1851 Third school for girls - Rasta Peth.
> 15 March 1852 - Fourth school for girls - Vetal Peth.
> 1852 - Reception at the hands of Major Cady (then Principal of Deccan College, Pune College) about this achievement in the field of education - at Vishrambag Palace
> 1852 Establishment of Pune Library.
September 10, 1853 - Establishment of 'Mahar - Mang etc. teaching people'.
> 1855 - Establishment of night school.
> 1856 - Sanatani Brahmins try to kill him. Marek, Shende and Kumbhar, surrendered to Jotirao.
> 1860 - First remarriage in Shenvi caste.
> 1863 - 'Child Murder Prevention House' started. She adopted a son named 'Yashwant'.
> 1865 - A one-day bathing strike is called. Publication of Tukaram Tatya Padwal's book 'Jatibhed Viveksar'.
> 1868 - The tank of the house is opened for the untouchables.
> 24 September 1873 Establishment of Satyashodhak Samaj.
> December 25, 1873 - First marriage in the style of Satyashodhak Samaj.
> September 1875 - Participated in the procession of Dayanand Saraswati in Pune.
> 1876 - 1882 Member of Pune Municipality.
> 1877 - Camp for famine victims at Dhankawadi. Inspired by Jyotiba, 'Deenbandhu' weekly started, editor Krishnarao Bhalekar.
> 1880 - Mill Hand. Established (Mumbai) in collaboration with Nare and Lokhande.
> 1882 - Witness before Hunter Commission, Tilak and Agarkar felicitated in Mumbai after their release from jail.
> 11 June 1885 - Marathi writer wrote a letter to the meeting and refused to attend the literary meeting.
> 13 June 1885 - Publication of Satsar 1.
> March 2, 1888 - At the Duke of Connaught's reception, dressed as a farmer,
> 11 May 1888 The title 'Mahatma' on behalf of 'Raosaheb Vadedar' in Mumbai, he worked tirelessly for the lower castes, henceforth he became known as 'Mahatma'.
> 28 November 1890 - Died.
> Jyotiba flowers were affected -
• Thomas Payne's book 'The Rights of Man'.
• The principle that caste discrimination is false in Ashwaghosh's 'Vajrasuchi' Upanishad.
• The effect of the chapter 'Vipramati' in Kabir's Bijak Granth, he mentioned himself in one place - 'Kabir Sadhu's sect'.
> He also studied Vedas, literature, Puranas. He also read many Sanskrit texts.
> The social structure of caste-based Hindus and the British system of government - the combined effect of all this is the plight of farmers and dalits, the only way out of it - public education.
> Co-workers in Jyotiba's work - Sadashiv Ballal Gowande, Sakharam Yashwant Paranjape, Moropant Vitthal Walvekar, Dr. Vishram Ramji Ghole. Tukaram Tatya Padwal, Swami Ramayya Vyankayya Ayyavaru, Vyanko Baluji Kalewar, Jaya Karadi Lingu Na. May Lokhande, Krishnaji Bhalekar, Tarabai Shinde, Baba Padmaji.
> Maharashtra's 'Martin Luther King' is the first social reformer to fight for the cause of farmers.
> 1847 -
• Learned from Lahuji Buda Mang to shoot - to run a dandapatta.
Gurukanya became a widow at the age of 9 and was shaved.
• In the same year, he was insulted in the wedding procession of a Brahmin friend.
> Books / Bibliography -
(1) Drama - Third Ratna (1855), (2) Povada of Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosale (June 1869), (3) Kasab of Brahmins (1869), (4) Akhandadi Poetry (1869), (5) Gulamgiri (1873), (6) Farmers' Relief (July 18, 1883), (7) Satsar (The Essence of Tooth) Issue-1 (June 13, 1885), (8) Ishara (1885). (9) Satsar Issue-2 (October 1885), (10) Public Satyadharma (Posthumously published in 1891 by M. Phule.
> To show the mental slavery of the society found in the framework of Hinduism and the misery of Shudras - he wrote essays on the skills of Brahmins, slavery, satsar.
• It analyzes the stories in the Puranas from a historical point of view.
• Aryan - belonged to Iran. After conquering India, he enslaved the Shudras.
> 'Brahmin's skill offering book -' Kunabi, Mali, Mang, Mahar yans he in the country of Maharashtra "The author looked at the book with love.
> Offered 'Slavery' - "The virtuous people of the United States who have shown generosity, impartiality and philanthropic wisdom in the work of freeing slaves from slavery."
• Jyotiba said that he wrote 'Farmers' relief' - for the protection of Shudra farmers.
• It depicts the economic degradation of the workers in the Bahujan Samaj as well as how Indian village industries and cottage industries were shut down due to the imperialist policy of the British and the use of modern technology in rural industries and agriculture.
> Warning booklet - by 'Jotiba Phule' - The condition of farmers is better now than it was by Nya Ranade 'Thirty years ago. '. It turns out that this was to refute the opinion.
> Public Truth Religion (1891) - It was a coherent framework of 'cosmopolitanism', how to build a society based on the basic human values of 'freedom, equality, fraternity' and the principles of American and French Revolution - in the context of Indian social structure.
> Peshwa will come again if the British rule is gone - with this thought - he was happy that the war of independence of 1857 failed.
> Narayan Meghaji Lokhande, Prerna - Savitribai, a bathing strike at Talegaon Dhamdhere to curb the hair loss of widows.
> Is. He conferred the title of 'Kulwadi Bhushan' on Shivaji Maharaj. The government was requested to maintain the Samadhi of Shivaji Maharaj at Raigad.
> In the manner of Satyashodhak Samaj - First marriage - 25 Dec 1873 Sitaram Alhat and Radhabai Nimbkar.
> Fighting for the cause of farmers - was the first social reformer in Maharashtra.
> Khatfodi rebellion - in Pune and Nagar districts which had the support of Jotirao.
• It was a peasant revolt to fight against lending.
• In Junnar taluka - the first non-cooperation of farmers (non-payment of taxes) was stopped.
> Critic of Jyotiba - Vishnushastri Chiplunkar
The titles he gave to the flowers - 'Shudrajagadguru and the founder of Shudradharma.
> Initiated to get the award of 'Dakshina Prize' committee received by the government for the production of books in Sanskrit language.
> Inspired by Jyotiba, three movements started in Maharashtra.
(1) Dalitoddhar movement - Beginning - Inspired by Jyotiba - Shivram Kamble and Ganapatrao Falgaonkar.
(2) Labor Movement - Krishnarao Bhalekar and Narayanrao Lokhande.
(3) Non-Brahmin Movement - Keshavrao Jedhe and Narayan Jawalkar.
> Religious Thoughts -
• Like Thomas Penn - Monotheist.
• He was not an atheist even though he criticized rituals and rituals. Calling God 'Creator'.
Controller of all - Creator.
• All human beings should have one religion, one religion - one God विरोध Idolatry, opposition to incarnation ideas.
• Worship of God does not need a mediator.
• Faith in God, the search for truth, and the preservation of ethics are the three principles at the core of his theological thinking.
• Theistic humanism - the foundation of religious thought.
> Social Thoughts -
• Support of birthright, natural rights
• Criticism of caste system, caste discrimination, untouchability, injustice against women.
• He opined that greedy men prevented women from learning because they were not aware of their human rights. '
• He also said that a woman is superior to a man.
• His view that social reform should come first.
• Jotirao objected to the government's neutral attitude towards social reforms.
> Educational -
• The British. The policy was not acceptable to them. There is a lot of cost for higher castes but no special efforts are made for the education of the villagers.
• In a statement sent to the Hunter Commission of 1882, Jyotiba says.
• Provide primary education in rural areas.
• Teachers are not ready to go to the village so their salaries should be increased. • Scholarships should be given to Dalit students as an incentive for education.
> Education should be such that the youth should be empowered to start their own business.
• There should be teachers in Bahujan Samaj.
> The society before the eyes of Mahatma Phule was in the form of exploiters and exploiters.
• He emphasized on the unity of the exploited castes against Shetji, Bhatji and Latji.
• Their only goal was to create an egalitarian society by eliminating the artificial distinctions of class and caste.
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